Mulveys Theory Of The Male Gaze |Critique

Mulveys Theory Of The Male Gaze revaluationIn masochism, as in the infantile stage of the helpless colony that marks its genesis, merriment does not involve mastery of the fe anthropoid barg altogether submission to her. This merriment applies to the infant, the masochist, and the film spectator as soundly. (Studlar 782)How does Studlars work on fetishism and masochism ch allenge Mulveys hypothesis of the male discern?Discuss in relation to films from perfect era and contemporary moving picture. Refer to film screened in this unit and films of your choice, with attention to mise-en-scene and narrative structure.Studlar challenges Mulveys theories on the male scopic amusement as the bearer of control. Studlar also challenges Mulveys state handst of the female as lack and or else suggests a sense of power from this lack the female as a film complexity, organism not necessarily the subject of the male gaze but rather the holder of the gaze.Firsly, I will discuss Mulveys theo ries and Studlars challenges, and equalise and contrast the two. After discussing two theories in relation to one another, I will then call on modelings from authorized and contemporary cinema to justify my arguments and discuss the tr reverses of Contemporary cinema with regards to psychoanalysis.In article optic Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, Mulvey argues in mainstream cinema, in relation to patriarchal society, women are cosmos portrayed as an erotic object to be looked at in movies as well as an attraction to male gaze. Her speculation explains that women are playing still part in movies while men hold the sacrosanct and active subject and play as a prominent subject. Therefore, Mulveys theory on male gaze is determined as a sexual recreation in which male are competent to obtain by looking at portrayal of female. (Laura Mulvey (1975). Visual pleasure and Narrative Cinema, in Gerald Mast, Cohen Baudry (eds). Film Theory An Introduction. 5th ed, pp 746-757.Objectifi cation of women in classical era and contemporary cinema as erotic and sensual grade is still applied. Mulveys work in this theory has been supported by feminist theory it can be seen in the following quote from literary critics stand refer In 1975, when Laura Mulvey published her groundbreaking study of woman in film her position as a signifier for the male other, as a projection of male fantasies, and, finally, as a bearer not maker of meaning she gave new shape and direction to the interdisciplinary subject of womens studies, motivating scholars in many subject areas to examine and, most interestingly, look back the political, cultural, social and literary achievements of women through the ages (Despotopoulou, 569). (Despotopoulou, Anna. Fannys Gaze and the Construction of Feminine quadruplet in Mansfield Park Modern Language Review 99 (2004) 569-583)Films such as The War of the Worlds (1953), The Thing from other World (1951) give reason out to no female role/s who take p art in advancing the narrative. But that is not to say that all films painted women as an indispensible element of spectacle (Mulvey 750). For example the 1939 film The Women by MetroGoldwyn Mayer Productions is notcapable for its allfemale cast. Although the content of the film could be argued, this is a clear example of women controlling the film narrative.Furthermore, her theory of male gaze can be seen in film Fifth Element. The character Leelo which is played by Milla Jovovich in the movie portrayed her as passive object erotic to be looked at. In mise-en-scene and narrative term, it can be shown that her character was touted as the compulsive Being and regarded as the ultimate weapon to counteract the attack from the malevolent being harming the world. However, the Supreme Being is also subjected to objectification with repetitive display of her breasts, clay and being gazed by the casts (which, in effect, also enables its spectators to look at her in an erotic manner). Whi le she is labeled as the Supreme Being, she certainly looked inferior, fainthearted and vulnerable to Korben Dallas (Bruce Willis). Korben was the one who rescued her after being shot in the air duct.Mulvey argues women are regarded as fetishistic display for male viewers pleasure and the spectators embodies the subject (the active role), while the narrative film stands for the object which is the passive position (Carolina Hein, 2006, p. 4). Her concept of to-be-looked-at-ness, exemplifies that women were simply shown on screen in classic Hollywood in order to provide men with visual pleasure and have an erotic impact. Mulvey argues that the distinctive key protagonist within a classic Hollywood film was male and the audience members where similarly typically expected to be men. In classical era as well as contemporary cinema, women are generally passive characters who looked to males for protection and rescue.Gaylyn Studlars theory of Masochism and Perverse Pleasure refutes Laura Mulveys theory of Male gaze. According to Studlar, the viewing pleasure are transmitted to the spectators is derived from total submission to the female. Her theory believes that by using masochism, women are portrayed as idealized power figure, which are both dangerous and comforting, not such as discarded object (Studlar, 1985) (Gaylyn Studlar (1985) Masochism and the unrepentant pleasure of the Cinema, in Gerald Mast, Cohen Baudry (eds). Film Theory An Introduction. 5th ed, pp 773-790).In my point of view, Studlars theory of masochism enables bisexual dualism. It mean this theory creates an ability of freeing up gendered subjectivity to spectators in mainstream cinema. It technically enables viewer to see both genders, male and female as powerful object. Moreover, this theory confirms the conventional perception of womens incapacity, means that it can influence and change peoples perspective towards woman as being lack and weak.In classical era, movie like Alien (1979) exemp lifies women as powerful character. The female character Ellen Ripley leads strong, independent and professional women character. In Alien, Ripley is the strong female character who makes active judgments and survives what is trying to kill her. The male characters legal action is largely passive most die quickly, others wait for her command. It is Ripley who makes the plan to whelm the alien which works, while the powerless male Captain makes bad judgments as his unsure plan fails. (Movie analysis Women in horror films Ripley, the alien, and the monstrous effeminate by Daniel Stephen, http//www.helium.com/items/132886-women-in-horror-films-ripley-the-alien-and-the-monstrous-feminine).Studlars theory in submissive masculine look term, the masculinity factors which are men supposed to portray is symbolized through women character. Instead of being passive character in the movie, Ripley plays as an active and protagonist character which is the opposite of Mulveys theory of male g aze. Ripley holds the gaze from the beginning of the movie until the end of it. One of the final scenes of the film takes place in an escape codfish where singlehanded, Ripley manages to overpower the invading alien. Ripley is shown as a character that is able to complete tasks that men were otherwise unable to complete. Likewise, Aliens representation of feminism shows women as alien to themselves (Jeffords 74). Jeffords, Susan. Battle of the Big Mommas Feminism and Alienation. Journal of American subtlety 10.3 (1987) 74.This portrayal of women releases the character of Ripley and eventually feminism. Ripley is shown as a Company Woman, reaffirmed at the end of the film when despite The Companys betrayal of herself and the entire crew, she disposes of the alien only to sit down and complete her captains log (Newton 297). Newton, Judith. Feminism and Anxiety in Alien in Symposium on Alien. Science Fiction Studies 7. Ed. Charles Elkins. 1980. 297.Her place in this Company Creates t he questioning of her position in a patriarchal society.Another example of Studlars theory in contemporary cinema is Disney movie called Mulan.