Social Disorganization Theory On Urban Ecology And Burgess...

Social Disorganization Nicole Hofmann Criminological Theory – University of Tampa Abstract Social Disorganization theory has its roots in urban ecology and Burgess’s concentric model. As part of the positivist paradigm of criminology, it poses a scientific examination of the connection of social disorganization and crime mediated by structural factors. The macro-level research concludes that a weakening of social bonds between an individual and institutions of socialization will lead to delinquency. Over time, there has been much empirical support for the theory and extensions have been made to include more reliable measures of social disorganization within a community. This paper will discuss the origins of the theory developed by Shaw and McKay, then move forward to prominent empirical support, social disorganization research on suburban areas and lead up to valid criticism of the theory. Finally, there will be an examination of the policy implications originally posed and a proposal towards a more integrated approach addressing causes for social disorganization t hrough the critical paradigm of criminology. Introduction Social disorganization theory is part of the positivist paradigm of criminology, a scientific approach to crime causes, and part of the Chicago School of crime. While trait theories under the positivist approach assume that crime is cause by internal factors, social disorganization theory relies on the assumption that crime is caused by environmentalShow MoreRelatedPoverty Is Not Only An Individual Problem2983 Words   |  12 PagesPeople Poor in America?† Rodgers gives two categories of theories that are used when cultural /behavioral or structural/economic. Behavior/culture theorists look at the behavior, culture and values of the poor as the reason for poverty. While structural /ecIn western culture statistics are an excessively used tool in describing social issues. Numbers help explain a situation, but in excesses, can dehumanize a population. A serious social issue that suffers from desensitization is poverty. PovertyRead MoreEssay on Criminological Theories13456 Wo rds   |  54 PagesStudent Study Guide for Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers’ Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Applications Fourth Edition Prepared by Eric See Youngstown State University Roxbury Publishing Company Los Angeles, California 1 Student Study Guide by Eric See for Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application , 4th Edition by Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers Copyright  © 2004 Roxbury Publishing Company, Los Angeles, CaliforniaRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesRevisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral

Essay Transgender Students and the Learning Process

Transgender Students and the Learning Process Introduction Identity is a key factor of an individual in the society. Identity often is skewed despite the rhetorical statement: â€Å"You are who you are.† However, many times a society unconsciously attempts to mold the identities of individuals into homogenous products. The important thing is not to let yourself prejudge individuals or acts of people because this creates an assumption that brings a stigma against the individual. Transgender people face the difficult challenge of being accepted into society because they either do not fit a traditional gender assignment to their sex, or they are not willing to specify a particular gender recognized by society. The court case that I will†¦show more content†¦Yunits. The first portion of this work will deal mainly with the implication of Doe v. Yunits on transgender identity. The second focus will apply queer theory and its application to the case. This part of the paper will give the foundation of how society as well as tr ansgender people become inclusive and exclusive at the same time. A disruption of the learning process Pat Doe v. John Yunits was presented before Plymouth State Superior Court in October 2000. The student is referred to as â€Å"Pat Doe† in the case and is suing administrators at South Junior High located in the Brockton Public School District. Pat Doe was born biologically male, but feels she does not fit her assigned gender role in society. Since seventh grade, she dressed in clothes that have been stereotyped as female attire. The school principal, Kenneth Cardone, had frequently sent the young student home based on the violation of the school’s dress code. Cardone characterized the student’s attire as disruptive to the educational process. Pat Doe sought legal action against Cardone and the Brockton Public School District because they refused to allow her to express her gender identity. Consequently, the Plymouth Superior Court of Massachusetts must find if the Brockton Public School suppressed Pat Doe’s freedom of expression. â€Å"According to federal analysis [federal free speech], this court must first determine whether the plaintiff’s symbolic actsShow MoreRelatedBox Building Process with Respect to Sex, Gender and Sexuality954 Words   |  4 PagesSocial differentiation refers to the line drawn between the various groups of individuals in the society based on their age, gender, race, nationality among other factors (Warde Martens 21). Social differentiation process, which is also referred to as box creating process is vital in the escalating cases of social inequality, more specifically, for the purpose of this article, gender and sexual inequality. The demarcations created on the basis of this factors (gender and sexual attributes of anRead MoreJoe Is A Fifteen-Year-Old Boy Whom Is In The Process Of1614 Words   |  7 Pagesin the process o f transitioning into the gender that he identifies. As of now, he is in the gender non-conforming stage of his transformation. â€Å"Should I use the women’s restroom? Should I use the men’s restroom? What if someone harasses or assaults me if I go in there? I just do not know what to do.† This could go through the mind of someone going through the non-passing phase of transitioning into a transgender individual. Lately, there has been heavy discussion on the rights of transgender individualsRead MoreThe Inclusion of Transgender Women in the Miss Universe1276 Words   |  6 PagesTrump nodding in approval himself – has decided in favor of a transgender woman from Canada by allowing her to compete among biologically-born female contestants in the said pageant. 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Devor is a Canadian sociologist and sexologist known for research of transsexuality and transgender communities he wrote: â€Å"Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender†; but Stephanie Coontz, The Author of: â€Å" What we Really Miss about the 1950s† explains what nostalgia is as desireRead MoreEvaluation Of The American Counseling Association836 Words   |  4 Pagesit for granted. They do not enjoy highly structured learning situations†. In addition, Sharf states â€Å"ENTP personality types are bored with routine and seldom do the same thing the same way† (Sharf, 2013, p. 150). I thought this information was particularly compelling because it explains some of the discontent I was experiencing at work. I am currently employed as a first grade teacher at a school that is extremely rigid with staff and student expectations. Prior to taking the Myers Briggs Type IndicatorRead MoreCultural Myths About Gender And Sex Essay1484 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious stereotypes about gender roles and sex, and how they form multiple cultural myths. Pawader also explains how there are positives to being transgender at an all woman’s university. Aaron H. Devor, a Canadian sociologist and sexologist known for research of transsexuality and transgender communities, he wrote: â€Å"Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender†; but Stephanie Coontz, The Author of: â€Å" What we Really Miss about the 1950s† explains nostalgia as â€Å"a desire to returnRead MoreEvaluation Of A Educational Institution1588 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation in regards to the strategic plan, planning proces s, and any results achieved by implementing the plan. The second measure is that we will provide opportunities to provide input for our strategic planning for growth and improvement. My educational institution was somewhat successful in regards to the first measure, but about forty percent of parents stated that they had not been informed of the strategic plan, planning process, and results .We communicated with stakeholders and assigned

The European Parliament Free Essays

The Efficiency of the Decision Making Process of EU Parliament Last Name First Name Course Name Course Number 08 October 2012 The European Parliament is separated into two legislations, primary and secondary. The primary legislation are the ground rules and basis for all EU action. The secondary legislation involves decisions, directives and regulations which are based on the objectives and principle in the treaties (Bungenberg, 2011). We will write a custom essay sample on The European Parliament or any similar topic only for you Order Now How does the EU parliament make a decision? The standard decision-making process is called â€Å"Ordinary Legislative Procedure† or the co-decision. This presents the direct election in the EU Parliament that decides together in the EU legislation in the Council, both the EU legislation and Commission Drafts. The EU treaties is the foundation of the rule of law, this defines every taken action by the EU which is founded on treaties that have been decided on democratic and voluntary approval of the EU countries. This is the Treaty of Lisbon, which developed the policy number of areas where the co-decision is employed (Bermann, 2011) The UE parliament also has more control to disapprove any proposal in the Council. The directives, regulations and other acts are established to set new EU treaties which are obtained by different forms of legal decisions. These legislation involve opinions, recommendations, directives and regulations, Some are creating, others are binding, some can be implemented to all EU nations, others not. The combined decision-making process of the EU parliament has shared to develop the effectiveness of EU policy when it comes to the environmental legislation in EU countries. The parliament, as veto power with co-legislator in the procedure of co-decision, has been important to organizational actors. It is connected to the EU commission, which is a non-voted body, to delegate with its concern rights to the drafting of the election (Avbelj, 2011). Moreover, its informal institutions and interactions with other nations, the Council of Ministers, National Parliament and the EU Commission, have been specifically significant in creating more legitimate and appropriate benefits for the proper application of internalizing many environmental externalities, common policies (Campuzano, 2011). The decision making of the EU Parliament is efficient because they are guided by the objectives, cohesion and sustainable growth of the organization. References AVBELJ Matej, KOMAREK Jan (eds. ). Constitutional pluralism in the European Union and beyond. Oxford:  Hart,  2011. BERMANN George (et al. ). Cases and materials on European Union law. St. Paul, MN:  Thomson/West,  2011. BUNGENBERG Marc, GRIEBEL Jorn, HINDELANG Sreefen (eds. ). International investment law and EU law. Berlin:  Springer,  2011. CAMPUZANO DIAZ Beatriz (et al. ). Latest developments in EU private international law. Cambridge:  Intersentia,  2011. How to cite The European Parliament, Essay examples

Tesco Goes Global free essay sample

Why did Tesco’s initial international expansion strategy focus on developing nations? There are valid reasons why Tesco decided to operate on developing countries as they planned to expand its business internationally despite its competencies in many aspects in terms of business operation and management right in its home market in the United Kingdom . These reasons have been proven effective after many years of recorded successes in their performance in the international markets As an initial step, venturing with local retailers in some Eastern European and Asian countries where there are few capable competitors at stake is very effective in carrying out its business plan with less efforts and threats as a result of political, social and economic resistance. Tesco simply avoided strong competition outside its country where marketing strategies might be powerful than it has. Its primary goal is to penetrate and establish a business before utilizing other strategies to compete in the market . We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Goes Global or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This means that their marketing strategy is effective as far as their research is concerned but that will not be so if utilized in countries known to have strong competitive advantage As a result, Tesco as one of the largest retailing company in the world has generated more business ventures in addition to what it already established in the United Kingdom having a in 2005 alone. Getting into global business became easy for Tesco after carefully analyzing the trend in international business. 2. How does Tesco create value in its international operations? There are factors that create value for Tesco: 1) the company devotes considerable attention to transferring its core capabilities in retailing to its new ventures, 2) the company hires local managers and support them with a few operational experts from the United Kingdom, 3) the company’s partnering strategy in Asia is a great asset because the companies Tesco has teamed up with are good and have a deep understanding of the markets in which they are participating, 4) the company and its partners bring equally useful assets to the venture which increases in the probability of success, and 5) the company focuses on markets with good growth potential but that lacks strong indigenous competitors. 3. In Asia, Tesco has a long history of entering into joint venture agreements with local partners. What are the benefits of doing this for Tesco? What are the risks? How are those risks mitigated? Tesco is able to share ideas and use ideas from the Asian companies. The risk is that the companies involved could pull out, steal Tesco ideas, or fail and leave Tesco with debt. The risk is mitigated by Tesco being involved only 50/50. 4. In March 2006, Tesco announced that it would enter the United States. This represents a departure from its historic strategy of focusing on developing nations. Why do you think Tesco made this decision? How is the U. S. market different from others Tesco has entered? What are the risks here? How do you think Tesco will do? Tesco observed how it competed with Wal-Mart in the United Kingdom and made an analysis that it would do just as well in the United States. The breakeven analysis would be achieved by the second year and the market in the United States has not seen a model like Tesco’s format. The United States is a different market because it is a developed country and has many competitors in all of its markets. The risk is that the United States competitors will beat out Tesco.